Taron Tehran

Taron Tehran - taron farko a cikin shekarun yakin duniya na II (1939-1945) na “manyan uku” - shugabannin jihohi 3: Joseph Stalin (USSR), Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Amurka) da Winston Churchill (Burtaniya), wanda aka gudanar a Tehran daga Nuwamba 28 zuwa Nuwamba Disamba 1, 1943

A cikin wasiƙar sirri na shugabannin ƙasashe 3, an yi amfani da sunan lambar taron - "Eureka".

Manufofin taron

A ƙarshen 1943, juzu'in yaƙi don nuna goyon baya ga ƙawancen adawa da Hitler ya zama bayyananne ga kowa. Sakamakon haka, taron ya zama dole don samar da ingantacciyar dabara don lalata Mulkin na Uku da kawayenta. A kan sa, an yanke shawarwari masu mahimmanci game da yaƙe-yaƙe da kafa zaman lafiya:

Kawancen sun bude gaba na 2 a Faransa;
Taga batun bayar da ‘yanci ga Iran;
Fara la'akari da tambayar Yaren mutanen Poland;
An amince da farkon yaƙin tsakanin USSR da Japan bayan faɗuwar Jamus;
An bayyana iyakokin umarnin bayan yakin duniya;
An sami daidaito kan ra'ayoyi game da kafa zaman lafiya da tsaro a duk faɗin duniya.

Bude "gaban gaba"

Babban batun shi ne buɗewar gaba ta biyu a Yammacin Turai. Kowane bangare ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami fa'idodi na kansa, yana haɓakawa kuma yana dagewa da nasa ƙa'idodin. Wannan ya haifar da tattaunawa mai tsawo wanda bai yi nasara ba.

Ganin rashin begen halin da ake ciki a ɗaya daga cikin tarurruka na yau da kullun, Stalin ya tashi daga kujerarsa, ya juya zuwa Voroshilov da Molotov, cikin fushi ya ce: “Muna da abubuwa da yawa da za mu yi a gida don ɓata lokaci a nan. Babu wani abu mai kyau, kamar yadda na gan shi, yana juyawa. Akwai lokacin damuwa.

A sakamakon haka, Churchill, don ba ya son tarwatsa taron, ya amince da sasantawa. Yana da kyau a sani cewa a taron na Tehran an yi la’akari da batutuwa da yawa da suka shafi matsalolin bayan yaƙi.

Tambayar Jamus

Amurka ta yi kira ga wargajewar Jamus, yayin da USSR ta dage kan kiyaye hadin kai. Hakanan, Biritaniya ta yi kira da ƙirƙirar Dungiyar Danube, wacce ya kamata wasu yankunan Jamusawa su kasance a ciki.

Sakamakon haka, shugabannin kasashen uku ba su iya cimma matsaya daya a kan wannan batun ba. Daga baya wannan batun ya taso a Hukumar Landan, inda aka gayyaci wakilan kowane ɗayan ƙasashe 3.

Tambayar Yaren mutanen Poland

Da'awar Poland a yankunan yamma na Belarus da Ukraine sun gamsu da kuɗin Jamus. A matsayin iyaka a gabas, an ba da shawarar zana layin sharaɗi - layin Curzon. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta karɓi ƙasa a arewacin Gabashin Prussia, gami da Konigsberg (yanzu Kaliningrad), a matsayin rashi.

Tsarin duniya bayan yakin

Aya daga cikin mahimman batutuwan a taron Tehran, game da karɓar filaye, ya shafi jihohin Baltic. Stalin ya dage cewa Lithuania, Latvia da Estonia sun zama ɓangare na USSR.

A lokaci guda, Roosevelt da Churchill sun yi kira da a aiwatar da tsarin shigar da kara bisa tsarin yardar rai (raba gardama).

A cewar masana, matsakaicin matsayi na shugabannin Amurka da Burtaniya ya amince da shigar ƙasashen Baltic cikin USSR. Wato, a wani bangare, ba su amince da wannan shigar ba, amma a daya bangaren, ba su yi adawa da ita ba.

Matsalar tsaro a duniya bayan yakin

Sakamakon tattaunawa mai ma'ana tsakanin shugabannin Manyan Manyan uku game da tsaro a duniya, Amurka ta gabatar da shawarar kirkirar kungiyar kasa da kasa bisa ka'idojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

A lokaci guda, bai kamata a ce batun bukatun wannan kungiyar sun hada da batutuwan soja ba. Don haka, ya banbanta da League of Nations wanda ya gabace shi kuma ya kasance ya ƙunshi jikkuna 3:

Commonungiyar gama gari wacce ta ƙunshi dukkan membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce kawai za ta ba da shawarwari tare da yin tarurruka a wurare daban-daban inda kowace ƙasa za ta iya bayyana ra’ayinta.
Kwamitin zartarwa ya sami wakilcin USSR, Amurka, Biritaniya, China, kasashen Turai 2, wata kasa ta Latin Amurka, wata kasa ta Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma daya daga cikin mulkin mallakar Birtaniyya. Irin wannan kwamiti zai yi aiki da batutuwan da ba na soja ba.
Kwamitin 'yan sanda a fuskokin USSR, Amurka, Birtaniyya da China, wadanda za su sanya ido kan kiyaye zaman lafiya, hana sabon tashin hankali daga Jamus da Japan.

Stalin da Churchill suna da nasu ra'ayi game da wannan batun. Shugaban Soviet ya yi imani cewa ya fi kyau a kafa ƙungiyoyi 2 (ɗaya don Turai, ɗayan na Gabas mai nisa ko kuma duniya).

Hakanan, Firayim Ministan Biritaniya ya so ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi 3 - Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Amurka. Daga baya, Stalin ba ya adawa da kasancewar ƙungiyar duniya guda ɗaya tak da ke kula da tsari a doron ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, a taron na Tehran, shugabannin sun kasa cimma wata matsaya.

Kisan gilla ga shugabannin "manyan mutane uku"

Bayan samun labarin taron Tehran da ke tafe, sai shugabannin Jamusanci suka tsara kawar da manyan mahalarta. An yi wa wannan aikin sunan "Long Jump".

Mawallafinta shi ne sanannen ɗan sabotor Otto Skorzeny, wanda a wani lokaci ya 'yanta Mussolini daga bauta, sannan kuma ya gudanar da wasu ayyukan da suka ci nasara. Daga baya Skorzeny ya yarda cewa shi aka ba shi amanar kawar da Stalin, Churchill da Roosevelt.

Godiya ga manyan ayyukan da jami'an leken asirin Soviet da Birtaniyya suka yi, shugabannin kawancen adawa da Hitler sun yi nasarar gano game da yunƙurin kisan da ke tafe a kansu.

Duk sakonnin rediyo na Nazi an tsara su. Bayan samun labarin gazawar, an tilastawa Jamusawa yarda da shan kaye.

An harbe shirye-shirye da fina-finai da yawa game da wannan yunƙurin kisan, gami da fim ɗin "Tehran-43". Alain Delon ya buga ɗayan mahimmin matsayi a cikin wannan faifan.