Anatoly Fedorovich Koni (1844-1927) - Lauyan Rashanci, alkali, babban mutum kuma fitaccen mutum, marubuci, masanin shari’a, mashawarcin dan majalisa kuma memba na Majalisar Jiha ta Daular Rasha. Masanin girmamawa na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg a fannin adabi mai kyau.
Akwai tarihin abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa na tarihin Anatoly Koni, wanda zamu gaya game da shi a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar Koni.
Tarihin rayuwar Anatoly Koni
Anatoly Koni an haife shi ne a ranar 28 ga Janairu (9 ga Fabrairu) 1844 a St. Petersburg. Ya girma kuma ya girma a gidan dan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo Fyodor Alekseevich da matarsa Irina Semyonovna, wacce ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da marubuta. Yana da ɗan'uwa, Eugene.
Yara da samari
Masu zane-zane, marubuta da sauran mashahuran al'adu galibi sukan taru a gidan Koni. A irin waɗannan tarurruka, an tattauna siyasa, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, adabi da sauran abubuwa da yawa.
Har zuwa shekara 7, Anatoly na karkashin kulawar mai kula da shi Vasilisa Nagaitseva. Bayan haka, shi da ɗan'uwansa sun sami ilimin gida.
Shugaban dangin ya kasance mai kaunar ra'ayoyin Emmanuel Kant, sakamakon haka ya bi ƙa'idodin dokoki game da tarbiyyar yara.
Dangane da waɗannan ƙa'idodin, yaron dole ne ya shiga matakai 4: don samun horo, da kuma aiki, dabarun ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a. A lokaci guda, mahaifin ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don koya wa ’ya’yansa yin tunani ba tare da bin masu rinjaye ba.
Yana dan shekara 11, Anatoly Koni ya fara zuwa makarantar St. Anne. Bayan ya gama aji na 3, ya koma makarantar Gymnasium ta biyu ta St. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya kware da Jamusanci da Faransanci, sannan kuma ya fassara wasu ayyukan.
A lokaci guda, Koni ya yi farin cikin halartar laccocin da mashahuran furofesoshi, gami da masanin tarihi Nikolai Kostomarov. A 1861 ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Sashin ilimin lissafi na Jami'ar St. Petersburg.
Bayan shekara guda, saboda tarzomar ɗalibai, an rufe jami’ar har abada. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa saurayin ya yanke shawarar zuwa shekara ta 2 na sashen shari'a na Jami'ar Moscow. Anan Anatoly ya sami manyan maki a kusan dukkanin fannoni.
Ayyuka
Ko da a lokacin karatunsa, Koni ya sami damar samar da kansa da kansa duk abin da yake buƙata. Ya sami kuɗi ta hanyar koyar da ilimin lissafi, tarihi, da kuma adabi. A cikin layi daya da wannan, ya nuna matukar sha'awar zane-zane da karatun adabin duniya.
Bayan karbar difloma, Anatoly Koni ya fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Yaki. Daga baya, da son ransa ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare na Sashin Laifuka na St. Petersburg.
A sakamakon haka, bayan 'yan watanni sai aka tura matashin kwararren zuwa Moscow, inda ya hau mukamin sakataren mai gabatar da kara. A ƙarshen 1867, an sake yin wani alƙawari, sakamakon abin da ya zama - mai gabatar da kara na kotun gundumar Kharkov.
A wannan lokacin, Koni ya fara nuna alamun farko na cutar. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a farkon 1869 an tilasta masa barin magani zuwa ƙasashen waje. Anan ya kusanci Ministan Shari'a, Constantin Palen.
Palen ya taimaka wa Anatoly don a sauya shi zuwa St. Bayan haka, ya fara hawan hawan sa zuwa matakan aiki. Bayan ya zama mai gabatar da kara, ya shiga cikin kararraki masu wuya na tsawon shekaru.
A cikin gwajin, Koni ya gabatar da jawabai masu ma'ana da gamsarwa waɗanda ke farantawa duk masu yanke hukunci. Bugu da ƙari, an buga jawabansa na tuhuma a cikin littattafai daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, ya zama ɗayan lauyoyi da ake girmamawa ba ma a cikin birni kaɗai ba, har ma a cikin ƙasar.
Daga baya, Anatoly Fedorovich ya hau kan mukamin mataimakin darakta a sashen ma'aikatar shari'a, bayan haka ne aka ba shi mukamin alkalin girmamawa na gundumomin Peterhof da na St. Shari'ar Vera Zasulich ta cancanci kulawa ta musamman a tarihin rayuwar mai gabatar da kara.
Zasulich ta yi wani yunƙurin kashe magajin garin Fyodor Trepov wanda bai yi nasara ba, a sakamakon haka aka gurfanar da ita a gaban kotu. Godiya ga jawabin da aka yi tunani mai kyau, Koni ya shawo kan masu yanke hukunci na rashin laifin Vera, tunda ana zargin ba ta nemi kashe jami'in ba. Wani abin ban sha’awa shi ne a jajibirin taron, Emperor Alexander II da kansa ya nemi lauya cewa dole ne matar ta tafi kurkuku.
Koyaya, Anatoly Koni ya ƙi yin wasa tare da sarki da alƙalai, yana yanke shawarar yin aikinsa cikin gaskiya ba tare da son zuciya ba. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an fara tilasta wa mutumin yin murabus don radin kansa, amma Koni ya sake ƙi. A sakamakon haka, an sauya shi daga sashen aikata laifuka zuwa na farar hula.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na tarihin rayuwarsa, hukuma ta tsananta wa Anatoly sau da yawa, ta hana shi kyaututtuka kuma ba ta barin manyan kararraki. Da farkon juyi, ya rasa aikin sa da abin masarufi.
Dawakai suna sayar da littattafai don samun abin biyan bukatunsu. A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya kasance cikin ayyukan koyarwa a Jami'ar Petrograd, yana koyar da ɗalibai lafazi, dokar aikata laifi da ɗabi'ar ɗakin kwanan dalibai. Kimanin shekara guda kafin rasuwarsa, har ma an ninka fanshon nasa har sau biyu.
Ayyukan Anatoly Koni, gami da "Jawabin Shari'a" da "Iyaye da 'Ya'yan Gyaran Shari'a", sun sami sanannen tasiri ga ci gaban kimiyyar shari'a. Ya kuma zama marubucin ayyuka wanda a ciki yake bayanin abubuwan da ya tuna daga sadarwa da marubuta daban-daban, ciki har da Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky da Nikolai Nekrasov.
Rayuwar mutum
Anatoly Fedorovich bai taba yin aure ba. Ya faɗi abu mai zuwa game da kansa: "Ba ni da wata rayuwa ta sirri." Koyaya, wannan bai hana shi yin soyayya ba. Zabin farko na lauyan shi ne Nadezhda Moroshkina, wanda ya shirya yin aure tare da shi.
Koyaya, lokacin da likitoci suka annabta Koni zai sami ɗan gajeren rayuwa, sai ya dena aure. Daga baya ya hadu da Lyubov Gogel, wanda ya auri mai gabatar da kara na St. Na dogon lokaci, suna kiyaye dangantakar abokantaka kuma suna aiki tare da juna sosai.
Anatoly yana da irin wannan sadarwa tare da Elena Vasilievna Ponomareva - adadin wasikun su ya kai dari. A cikin 1924 Elena ya fara zama tare da shi, kasancewarsa mataimaki da sakatare. Ta kula da Koni mara lafiya har zuwa karshen kwanakinsa.
Mutuwa
Anatoly Koni ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1927 yana da shekara 83. Dalilin mutuwarsa cutar huhu ce. Mutane da yawa sun zo don yin ban kwana da shi cewa mutane sun cika titin.
Hoto daga Anatoly Koni
