Penguins sun shahara a cikin Turai a ƙarni na 15 - 16. Amma a waccan zamanin, babban dalilin balaguron teku shine riba, don haka ana kula da halittun masu kamun kai kamar wani baƙon yanayi. Haka kuma, matafiya na zamani zuwa kasashe masu nisa sun bayyana irin wadannan halittun da cewa wasu rabin kifi, rabin tsuntsu basu haifar da sha'awa ba.
Karatun tsari na penguins ya fara ne kawai a cikin karni na 19, lokacin da mutane suka fara aika balaguron kimiyya zuwa tekuna masu nisa. Bayan haka rabe-raben penguins ya bayyana, a karo na farko an bayyana tsarinsu da halayensu. Penguins sun fara bayyana a gidajen zoo na Turai.
Sanannen duniya ya zo ga penguins a rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin, lokacin da waɗannan tsuntsayen suka zama gwarzo jarumai masu ban dariya da majigin yara. A hankali, penguins sun sami suna a matsayin halittu marasa tsoro amma masu kyakkyawar dabi'a, marasa ma'ana a ƙasa kuma suna cikin nutsuwa a cikin ruwa, suna cin kifi da kulawa da yara.
Kusan komai a cikin wannan bayanin gaskiya ne, amma, kamar koyaushe, shaidan yana cikin cikakkun bayanai. Penguins suna da kyawawan halaye, aƙalla ga mutane. Koyaya, halinsu yayi nesa da mala'iku, suna iya yaudara tare da bakunansu masu iko, kuma suna iya kaiwa babban dabba hari a cikin rukuni. Kulawa da yara saboda samar da hormone na musamman. Lokacin da hormone ya ƙare, haka ma kula da yara. Wani lokacin kula da yara yakan kai ga cewa manyan penguins suna satar ɗan wani.
Koyaya, kamar yadda ɗayan masu binciken Ingilishi ya faɗi daidai, penguins ba mutane ba ne, kuma wauta ce kawai a kusanci ɗabi'unsu da mizanan ɗan adam. Penguins wakilai ne na duniyar dabbobi, kuma an inganta halayensu na tsawon shekaru.
1. Penguins suna rayuwa ne kawai a Kudancin Kasan kuma a tsawan tsaunuka masu kyau. Koyaya, kuskure ne a gaskata cewa suna rayuwa ne kawai tsakanin kankara da ruwan teku mai sanyi. Galapagos penguins da ke rayuwa a tsibirin suna iri ɗaya suna jin daɗi sosai a matsakaicin yanayin ruwa na +22 - + 24 ° С da yanayin iska tsakanin +18 da + 24 ° С. Har ila yau, Penguins suna zaune a gefen gabar Australiya, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, tsibirin Tekun Indiya da kusan dukkanin bakin tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka.
Penguins na Australiya
2. Zabin yanayi a cikin penguins ya fi karkata kuma babu tababa. Penguins da suka tashi tsaye sun fara "shawagi kyauta" - rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, sun bayyana a cikin mulkin mallaka na wasu kwanaki, sannan ziyarar tasu ta zama mafi tsayi, kuma bayan sun tabbatar da cewa sun sami damar rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin hali, sai a ƙarshe mazauna penguins da suka balaga suka fara zama a cikin mulkin mallaka. Don haka, kawai matasa waɗanda suka sami damar ciyar da kansu da kuma tserewa daga masu cin nama ke da izinin haihuwar yara.
3. Juyin Halitta ya koyar da penguins don kula da daidaiton ruwan gishiri. Kusan kusan dukkanin dabbobi a duniya, irin wannan abincin na ruwa zai yi sanadin mutuwa. Penguins suna tace gishiri daga ruwa ta gland na musamman a yankin ido kuma suna fitar dashi ta bakinsu.
4. Saboda abinci mai dinbin gaske na miliyoyin shekaru na juyin halitta, penguins sun mamaye masu karba don abubuwa biyu masu dandano na yau da kullun - basa jin daci da daddaɗi. Amma sun bambance tsakanin acid da gishirin.
5. smallananan garken kifi whales - mafi munin abokan dabbar dolphins - na iya kiyaye dubunnan mulkin mallaka na penguuin a gabar teku. Tsuntsayen da basu tashi daga jirgin suna hango kasancewar whalele masu kisa a cikin ruwa kusa da bakin teku kuma basa kusantar yin nutso don abinci. Koda lokacin da kisar whales, suka rasa haƙurin, suka iyo, sai penguins ɗin suka jira na dogon lokaci, sa'annan su aika da karfin tsiya zuwa cikin ruwan su kaɗai don tabbatar da cewa babu masu cin nasara.
'Yan wasan sun tafi
6. Yawon shakatawa na matukan jirgin ruwa na Rasha Thaddeus Bellingshausen da Mikhail Lazarev, wadanda suka gano Antarctica, a lokaci guda suka gano penguins na Emperor - mafi yawan jinsin baki da fararen mazaunan Antarctica. A ka'ida, zuwa Antarctica da rashin lura da halittu masu tsayi zuwa 130 cm tsayi kuma nauyinsu yakai kilogiram 50 zai zama matsala, musamman tunda penguins suna rayuwa a yankunan bakin teku. Laftanar Ignatiev da wasu gungun masu jirgin ruwa, ba tare da tsoron masana muhalli wadanda ba su wanzu a lokacin ba, sun kashe daya daga cikin penguins din suka kawo shi cikin jirgin. Nan da nan kowa ya yaba da fatar a matsayin kyakkyawa mai kyau, kuma an sami duwatsu a cikin ciki na tsuntsun mara sa'a, yana nuna cewa ƙasa tana wani wuri kusa.
F. Bellingshausen - shugaban balaguron balaguron Rasha
7. A watan Maris na 2018, masanan Latvia da suka yi aiki a Antarctica a tashar Yukren "Akademik Vernadsky" sun koka cewa penguins suna satar kayan aiki da kayan aiki daga gare su don samfurin ƙasar Antarctic. La'akari da gaskiyar cewa tare da takawarsu na tafiya zasu iya kaiwa zuwa iyakar gudun 6 km / h, kuma matsakaita mutum yana motsawa tare da matakin da yakamata a ɗan ƙaramin gudu kaɗan, ana iya yanke shawara guda biyu daidai. Ko dai masana kimiyya na Latvia sun ci karo da wani sabon nau'in penguins na tafiya, ko kuma tatsuniyoyi game da saurin tunanin mutanen Baltic ba su wuce abin da ya wuce gaskiya ba.
8. Masanin kimiyyar Australiya Eddie Hall ya yanke shawarar barin kyamarar bidiyo da aka hada kusa da babban mulkin mallaka na penguins. Tsuntsayen sun tarar da kyamarar ta kunna kuma suka ɗan ɗauki hoto don jin daɗin masana kimiyya da kuma masoyan bidiyo masu ban dariya.
9. Yin magana game da nauyin penguins ne kawai za'a iya daidaita shi. A cikin manyan mutane, ana iya rage nauyi yayin shiryawar ƙwai - a lokacin yajin aikin tilastawa, an rasa kitsen da ke ƙasa don kiyaye rayuwa. Daga nan penguin din ya ci ya zama zagaye kuma ya sake sakewa, sai kuma a mayar da kaurin layin mai zuwa santimita 3 - 4. A wannan lokacin, penguin na sarki na iya auna nauyin kilogiram 120 tare da tsayinsa yakai 120. Sauran penguin suna da karami sosai a tsayi da nauyi.
10. Yawancin penguins suna rayuwa a cikin manyan yankuna, wani lokacin suna ƙididdige dubun dubbai da miliyoyin mutane. Adelѝ penguins, alal misali, suna rayuwa kuma suna yin nau'i-nau'i, amma suna da yawa, a yankuna masu iyaka. Af, lokacin da muka ce “penguin”, da alama za mu yi tunanin adabin Adélie. A cikin halayensu, waɗannan penguins suna kama da mutane, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu zane sukan nuna su a matsayin hoto na waɗannan tsuntsayen. Logo penguin a cikin shahararren zane mai ban dariya na Soviet da kuma gungun penguins daga duk zane-zanen "Penguins of Madagascar" an kwafa daga Penguins na Adélie. A rayuwa ta gaske, penguins ba sa rayuwa a cikin daji a tsibirin Madagascar.
11. Kadai nau'in tsuntsun penguin da bai samar da mulkin mallaka ba shi ne kyaun tsuntsun penguin mai kwarjini ko ruwan rawaya da ake samu a New Zealand da tsibirai da ke kewayensa. Dangane da yanayin penguins na kadaici, yana da wuya a fahimci yadda ake yaduwar cutar wanda ya shafe kashi biyu bisa uku na jinsunan a shekara ta 2004.
12. Mafi yawan penguins suna gina gida don kwai ƙwai daga ƙyallen kayan. Kuma sarki da penguins suna ɗaukar ƙwai a cikin aljihun fata na musamman, wanda maza da mata ke da shi. Suna canza wurin kwan (nauyin sa na iya kaiwa kilogiram 0.5) ga juna. Yayinda mahaifi daya ya kama kifi, dayan kuma yana da kwai, kuma akasin haka.
13. Ba duka ƙwai ne ke ƙyanƙyashe kaji ba. Abubuwan lura na dogon lokaci sun nuna cewa a cikin samfuran samari, yara suna fitowa ne kawai daga kowane kwai na uku, a cikin manya manyan mutane yawan aiki ya ƙaru zuwa kusan 100%, kuma da tsufa wannan alamar tana sake raguwa. Ma'aurata na iya yin kwan biyu da samun kajin biyu, amma sakamakon penguin da ya kyankyashe daga baya ba zai yiwu ba - idan manyan penguin din sun yi rauni sosai lokacin da suke ciki, suna ci gaba da ciyar da tsofaffin kajin ne kawai. Don haka, ma'auratan suna ƙaruwa da damar rayuwa.
14. Penguins na sarki suna riƙe da tarihin zurfin nitsewa cikin ruwa tsakanin takwarorinsu - za su iya nitsewa zuwa zurfin sama da rabin kilomita. Bugu da ƙari, suna ɓatar da lokaci mai tsawo a ƙarƙashin ruwa har sai sun ga abin ganima mai kyau. Yawancin sifofin jiki suna taimaka musu su kasance kuma suna motsawa cikin ruwa, daga rufe kunnuwa zuwa rage bugun zuciya da hanzarta gudanad da jini. Rai zai yi karfi - dan da aka haifa kaza na Emperor Penguin yana cin akalla kilo 6 na kifi kowace rana.
15. A cikin tsananin sanyi, penguins suna taruwa a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a cikin siffar da'ira don dumi. A cikin irin wannan ƙungiyar, akwai motsi na mutane koyaushe bisa ga tsari mai rikitarwa. Penguins da ke tsakiya (inda yanayin zafin iska ko da a cikin tsananin sanyi da iska na iya zama sama da + 20 ° С) a hankali suna motsawa zuwa gefen gefen da'irar, kuma 'yan uwan da suka daskare daga layuka na waje suka matsa zuwa tsakiyar.
16. Penguins suna yin kyau sosai a gidajen zoo. Gaskiya ne, sanya su cikin bauta yana da matukar wahala - kuna buƙatar kula da yanayin zafin ruwa mai kyau ga waɗannan tsuntsayen. Koyaya, saboda yanayin da ake buƙata, penguins a gidajen zoo suna rayuwa fiye da danginsu a cikin daji kuma suna yin nasara cikin nasara. Don haka, a cikin 2016, Gidan Zoo na Mosko ya raba mutane bakwai tare da Novosibirsk lokaci ɗaya - maza biyu da mata biyar. Duk penguins suna da cikakkiyar kwanciyar hankali a cikin sabon wurin su.
17. Wani mai shiga cikin bala'in balaguron balaguro na Robert Scott, George Levick a cikin 1914 ya wallafa littafi wanda a ciki ya bayyana sakamakon abubuwan da ya lura da penguins. Masu wallafawa sun fito don wallafa wani babi wanda a ciki mai binciken ya bayyana halayen jima'i na penguins - bayanan masu hulda da jinsi guda, necrophilia, da sauransu sun kasance abin birgewa sosai. Littafin "Chinstrap Penguins" an buga shi a cikakkiyar siga a cikin 2012 kawai, kuma an samar da shi da bayanai masu yawa a ciki lalacewar penguins an danganta shi da canjin yanayi.
18. A gidan shakatawa na Odense a D Denmarknemark, wasu ma'aurata penguins sun nuna cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen suna saurin bin al'adun Turai. Ganin cewa jaririn penguin, wanda wasu ma'aurata da ke zaune kusa da shi suka taso, an bar shi ba a kula da su na mintina kaɗan (masu kula da gidan zoo din sun dauki mahaifiyar zuwa hanyoyin ruwa, kuma mahaifin ya ci gaba da harkokinsa), 'yan luwadi penguins sun jawo' yar a gefen kusurwar su kuma suna kokarin ɓoye ta a bayan su jikin. Mahaifiyar da ta dawo da sauri ta dawo da matsayin da take. A irin wannan yanayi, masu kula da gidan zoo sun yanke shawarar bayar da ƙwai na farko da penguins ɗin ke da shi ga Elias da Emil - wannan sunan iyayen penguin na gaba.
19. Jarida daya tilo da aka buga a Tsibirin Falkland, wacce a hukumance mallakar Ajantina ce amma Burtaniya ta mamaye, ana kiranta Penguin News - Labarin Penguin.
20. Bature Bature Tom Mitchell, yana tafiya zuwa Kudancin Amurka, a Uruguay ya ceci penguin da aka kama a cikin wani ɓarnar mai. Mitchell yayi kokarin wankan penguin a cikin bidet ta hanyar amfani da ruwan wanki, shampoos, da kayan mai na kayan lambu. Penguin, wanda nauyinsa ya kai kimanin kilogiram 5, da farko ya yi tsayin daka har ma ya ciji hannun mai ceto, amma sai ya hanzarta ya ba da izinin a shafa masa mai. Baturen Ingila ya dauke tsuntsun zuwa gabar tekun, amma penguin din, bayan ya yi taho na dubban mita, ya koma bakin tekun. Mitchell ya riƙe shi kuma ya raɗa masa suna Juan Salvador. Kuna iya karantawa game da abubuwan ban sha'awa na Juan Salvador da maigidansa a cikin kyakkyawan littafin Mitchell Tare da Penguin a cikin Jaka.
