A cikin littafin "shekaru 20 bayan haka" Athos, yana shirya sarauniyar Ingilishi Henrietta don labarin kisan mijinta, ta ce: "... sarakuna tun daga haihuwa sun tsaya kyam har Aljanna ta ba su zuciyar da za ta iya jure wa mummunan rauni na ƙaddara, wanda ba zai iya jure wa sauran mutane ba". Kaico, wannan maxim din yana da kyau ga littafin labari. A rayuwa ta ainihi, sarakuna ma sau da yawa sun kasance ba zaɓaɓɓun Sama ba, amma talakawa, har ma da mutanen da ba su da kyau, ba a shirye suke ba kawai don ƙaddarar ƙaddara, amma har ma don gwagwarmayar farko don rayuwa.
Emperor Nicholas II (1868 - 1918), lokacin da yake magaji, ya sami dukkan horo don ya mallaki theasar Rasha mai faɗi. Ya sami damar neman ilimi, yayi aiki a cikin rajista, yayi tafiya, ya shiga cikin aikin gwamnati. Daga cikin dukkan sarakunan Rasha, watakila Alexander II ne kawai ya fi shiri sosai don rawar sarauta. Amma magajin Nicholas ya shiga cikin tarihi a matsayin mai sassaucin ra'ayi, kuma, baya ga 'yantar da manoma, ya aiwatar da wasu canje-canje da suka yi nasara. Nicholas II ya jagoranci kasar cikin bala'i.
Akwai wani ra'ayi, wanda ya shahara musamman bayan an sanya gidan sarki a matsayin mai shahada, cewa Nicholas II ya mutu ne kawai saboda makircin makiya da yawa. Babu shakka, sarki yana da wadatattun makiya, amma wannan ita ce hikimar mai mulki don yin abokantaka da abokantaka. Nikolay, kuma saboda halayensa, kuma saboda tasirin matarsa, baiyi nasara a wannan ba.
Wataƙila, Nicholas II zai yi tsawon rai da farin ciki idan ya kasance mai mallakar ƙasa mai matsakaici ko soja ne mai matsayin kanar. Hakanan zai yi kyau idan dangin talauci sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta - yawancin membobinta, idan ba kai tsaye ba, to kai tsaye, suna cikin faɗuwar gidan Romanovs. Kafin sallamar, ma'auratan masarauta sun sami kansu kusan a cikin wani yanayi - kowa ya juya musu baya. Shots a cikin gidan Ipatiev ba abu ne wanda ba makawa ba, amma akwai hankali a cikinsu - babu wanda ke buƙatar sarki mai barin baya kuma yana da haɗari ga mutane da yawa.
Idan Nicholas ba sarki bane, da ya zama abin koyi. Miji mai kauna, mai aminci kuma uba na gari. Mai son wasanni da motsa jiki. Nikolai koyaushe yana kyautatawa waɗanda suke tare da shi, koda kuwa bai gamsu da su ba. Ya kasance cikin cikakken iko da kansa kuma bai taɓa wuce gona da iri ba. A cikin rayuwar sirri, sarki yana da kusanci da waɗanda suka dace.
1. Kamar yadda ya dace da ɗayan jariran masarauta, dukkansu Nicholas II da yaran sa ma’aikatan jinya ne suka ɗauke su aiki. Ya kasance yana da riba sosai don ciyar da irin wannan yaron. Ma'aikaciyar jinyar ta sha ado kuma tayi kwalliya, ta biya mai girma (har zuwa 150 rubles) sannan ta gina mata gida. Halin girmamawa na Nikolai da Alexandra ga ɗansu da suka daɗe suna jiran tsammanin yana tabbatar da cewa Alexei yana da aƙalla masu jinya 5. Fiye da rubles 5,000 aka kashe a kan nemo su da biyan diyya.
Nurse Nikolai a cikin Tosno. An gama hawa na biyu daga baya, amma gidan yana da girma sosai
2. A ƙa'ida, a lokacin da Nicholas II ke kan karagar mulki, yana da likitoci biyu masu rai. Har zuwa 1907, Gustav Hirsch shine babban likitan gidan masarauta, kuma a cikin 1908 Yevgeny Botkin an nada shi a matsayin likita. Ya kasance yana da haƙƙin 5,000 rubles na albashi da 5,000 rubles na canteens. Kafin wannan, albashin Botkin a matsayin likita a yankin Georgievsk bai wuce dubu biyu da 200 ba. Botkin ba kawai ɗa ne na ƙwararren likita ba kuma ƙwararren likita. Ya halarci Yaƙin Russo-Jafananci kuma an ba shi Dokokin na St. Vladimir IV da III da takuba. Koyaya, ƙarfin zuciyar ES Botkin ko da ba tare da umarni ba yana bayyane ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa likitan ya raba makomar maƙwabtansa da aka ɗorawa bayan ɓatar da Nicholas II, har zuwa ginshiki a cikin gidan Ipatiev. Likita ya banbanta da babban kamewa. Mutanen da ke kusa da dangin sarki sun sha ambata a cikin tarihinsu cewa ba shi yiwuwa a gano aƙalla wani abu game da lafiyar Nicholas II, Empress ko yara daga Botkin. Kuma likita yana da isasshen aiki: Alexandra Fyodorovna ta sha wahala daga cututtuka da dama, kuma yara ba za su iya yin alfahari da ƙarfi na musamman ba.
Doctor Evgeny Botkin ya cika aikinsa har zuwa ƙarshe
3. Doctor Sergei Fedorov yana da tasiri sosai kan makomar Nikolai da danginsa baki daya. Bayan ya warke Tsarevich Alexei daga mummunan rashin lafiya wanda hemophilia ya haifar, Fedorov ya sami matsayin likitan kotu. Nicholas II ya yaba da ra'ayin sa sosai. Lokacin da a cikin 1917 batun zubar da ciki ya taso, a ra'ayin Fedorov ne cewa sarki ya kafa kansa, ya yi watsi da goyon bayan ƙaninsa Mikhail - likita ya gaya masa cewa Alexei na iya mutuwa a kowane lokaci. A zahiri, Fedorov ya matsa lamba kan mafi raunin sarki - ƙaunarsa ga ɗansa.
4. Mutane 143 sun yi aiki a ɓangaren Kitchen na Imperial Kitchen. Zasu iya daukar karin mataimaka 12 daga cikin kwararrun ma'aikata na wasu fannoni. A zahiri teburin tsar ya mamaye 10 wanda ake kira da shi. “Mundkohov”, fitattun mashahurai masu fasahar dafa abinci. Baya ga bangaren Kitchen, akwai kuma Wine (mutane 14) da kayan Shaye Shaye (mutane 20). A ƙa'ida, shugabanni na abinci na sarki shine Faransawa, Olivier da Cuba, amma suna aiwatar da dabarun jagoranci. A aikace, ɗakin girkin ya kasance Ivan Mikhailovich Kharitonov. An harbe mai dafa abincin, kamar Dr. Botkin, tare da dangin masarauta.
5. Dangane da rubuce rubucen da aka adana na Nicholas II da Alexandra Feodorovna, rayuwar kusancin su ta kasance tana da hadari koda kuwa a shekarunsu na balaga. A lokaci guda, a daren aurensu, bisa ga bayanan Nikolai, sun yi barci da wuri saboda ciwon kai na sabbin matan. Amma bayanan da suka gabata da kuma wasiƙu, wanda aka rubuta a ranar 1915-1916, lokacin da ma'auratan suka wuce shekaru 40, sai dai su yi kama da wasikun samari waɗanda ba da daɗewa ba suka koyi farin cikin jima'i. Ta hanyar maganganu na gaskiya, ma'auratan ba su yi tsammanin za a sanar da wasikunsu ga jama'a ba.
6. Tafiyar daular sarki zuwa yanayi yawanci tayi kama da wannan. A wurin da aka zaba, aka share dazuzzuka (ta kowane hali kusa da ruwa, an shirya dutsen wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci don jirgin ruwa "Standart") sun kafa sabon sod, sun farfasa alfarwa kuma sun girka tebur da kujeru. Wani kusurwa a cikin inuwa ya tsaya waje don shakatawa, an sanya wuraren shakatawa na rana a wurin. Inuan wasan sun tafi “karɓar strawberries”. Yaron na musamman ya dandana 'ya'yan itacen berries da aka kawo tare da almond, violets da ruwan lemon, bayan haka abincin ya daskarewa kuma ya yi aiki a teburin. Amma an toya dankalin da ci kamar na mutane, hannayensu da tufafinsu suna da datti.
Fikinik a cikin annashuwa
7. Duk 'ya'yan gidan Romanov sun yi wasan motsa jiki ba tare da gazawa ba. Nicholas II ya so ta a duk rayuwarsa. A cikin Fadar Sanyin hunturu, Alexander III shima ya sami gidan motsa jiki mai kyau. Nikolai ya yi sandar kwance a cikin banɗaki mai faɗi. Ya gina kamanceceniya na kwance a kwance har ma a cikin motar jirgin sa. Nikolai yana son hawa keke da jere. A lokacin hunturu, zai iya ɓacewa na awanni a gwal. A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1896, Nikolai ya fara wasan tennis, yana shiga kotu a kan mallakar dan uwansa Sergei Alexandrovich. Tun daga wannan ranar, wasan tanis ya zama babban abin sha'awa na masarautar. An gina kotuna a duk wuraren zama. Nikolay kuma ya buga wani sabon abu - ping-pong.
8. Yayin tafiye tafiye na dangin masarauta akan "Standart", an lura da wata al'ada mara kyau. An ba da babban naman gasasshen Ingilishi kowace rana don karin kumallo. An ajiye tasa a saman teburin, amma ba wanda ya taɓa gasashen naman. A ƙarshen karin kumallo, an ɗauki tasa aka rarraba wa bayin. Wannan al'ada ta tashi, mai yiwuwa, a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Nicholas I, wanda ke ƙaunar duk Turanci.
Dakin cin abinci a jirgin ruwa na '' Standart ''
9. Yin tafiya a duk faɗin Japan, Tsarevich Nikolai ya karɓa azaman alamomi na musamman ba kawai rauni daga duka bugu biyu zuwa kai tare da saber ba. Ya sami kansa dodo a hannun hagunsa. Jafananci, lokacin da sarki mai zuwa gaba ya faɗi buƙatarsa, ya cika da mamaki. Dangane da al'adar tsibirin, ana amfani da jarfa ga masu laifi kawai, kuma tun shekara ta 1872 an hana a yi musu zane ma. Amma masters, a bayyane, sun kasance, kuma Nikolai ya sami dragon a hannu.
'Yan jarida sun cika labarin Nikolai zuwa Japan
10. An yi cikakken bayani game da yadda ake dafa abinci don kotun masarauta a cikin “Regulation ...” na musamman, cikakken sunansa ya kunshi kalmomi 17. Ya kafa al'adar wacce shugaban masu siyan abinci ke sayen kudin ta kansu, kuma ana biyanta gwargwadon yawan abincin da aka yi. Don kaucewa sayan kayayyaki masu ƙarancin inganci, shugabannin kwastomomi sun biya ajiyar 5,000 rubles kowannensu ga mai karɓar kuɗi - don haka, a bayyane yake, akwai abin da za a ci tarar sa. Fines sun kasance daga 100 zuwa 500 rubles. Sarki, da kansa ko ta hannun jarumin mahari, ya sanar da shugabanni abin da teburin ya zama: na yau da kullun, na biki ko na shagulgula. Yawan "canje-canje" ya canza daidai. Ga tebur na yau da kullun, alal misali, an ba da hutu 4 a karin kumallo da abincin dare, da kuma hutu 5 a abincin rana. An yi la'akari da abubuwan ciye-ciye a matsayin ƙaramin abu wanda har a cikin wannan doguwar takaddar an ambata su yayin wucewa: 10 - 15 kayan ciye-ciye bisa ga shawarar mai jiran aiki. Shugabannin kwastomomi sun karbi dubu daya da dari takwas a kowane wata tare da gidaje ko dubu biyu da 400 ba tare da ɗaki ba.
Dakin girki a Fadar Sanyi. Babbar matsalar itace isar da abinci cikin sauri zuwa dakin cin abinci. Don kula da yawan zafin nama, an sha barasa a cikin bokiti yayin manyan abincin dare.
11. Kudin abinci ga Nicholas II, danginsa da ƙaunatattunsa, da farko kallo ɗaya yayi, baƙaƙe masu nauyi. Dogaro da salon rayuwar gidan sarki (kuma ya canza da gaske), daga 45 zuwa 75 dubu rubles a shekara ana ciyar da su a girki. Koyaya, idan muka yi la'akari da yawan abincin, to, farashin ba zai zama babba ba - kusan 65 rubles a kowane abinci na akalla canje-canje 4 na mutane da yawa. Waɗannan lissafin suna da alaƙa da farkon shekarun karni na ashirin, lokacin da dangin masarauta ke rayuwa mafi ƙarancin rayuwa. A farkon shekarun mulkin, mai yuwuwa, farashin sun yi girma sosai
12. Yawancin masu tunawa da ambato sun ambaci cewa Nicholas II ya fi son sauƙin abinci a cikin abinci. Yana da wuya cewa wannan wani yanki ne na musamman, kamar yadda aka rubuta game da sauran sarakuna. Wataƙila, gaskiyar ita ce, bisa ga al'ada, an ba masu hutu na Faransa matsayin mai jiran gado. Dukansu Olivier da Kyuba sun dafa abinci mai kyau, amma ya kasance "mai kama da gidan abinci". Kuma cin wannan hanyar tsawon shekaru, kowace rana, yana da wahala. Don haka sarki ya ba da umarnin botvinu ko soyayyen juji, da kyar ya hau "Standart". Ya kuma ƙi kifin gishiri da caviar. A kan hanya daga Japan, a cikin kowane birni na sarki mai zuwa, an bi da su ga waɗannan kyaututtukan kogunan Siberia, wanda a cikin zafin rana ya haifar da ƙishirwa mai jurewa. Saboda abinci mai kyau, Nikolai ya ci abin da aka kawo, kuma har abada ya ƙi abin cin abincin kifi.
Nikolai bai taɓa rasa damar ɗanɗanar abinci daga kaskon soja ba
13. A tsawon shekaru uku na ƙarshe na mulkin, likitan haƙori ya zo gidan dangi daga Yalta. Marasa lafiya na masarauta sun amince da jimre ciwo na kwana biyu, yayin da likitan hakora Sergei Kostritsky ya yi tafiya zuwa St. Petersburg ta jirgin ƙasa. Babu wata hujja game da wata mu'ujiza a fannin likitan hakora.Kila mai yiwuwa, Nikolai ya so Kostritsky a lokacin zaman gargajiya na gargajiya a Yalta. Likitan ya karbi tsayayyen albashi - kimanin 400 a mako - domin ziyarar sa a St. Petersburg, da kuma wani kudin daban na tafiye-tafiye da kowace ziyara. A bayyane yake, Kostritsky da gaske ƙwararren ƙwararre ne - a cikin 1912 ya cika haƙori don Tsarevich Alexei, kuma bayan duk wannan, duk wani motsi na kuskure na boron na iya zama sanadin mutuwar yaron. Kuma a cikin Oktoba 1917, Kostritsky ya yi tafiya zuwa ga marasa lafiyarsa ta Rasha, yana mai tsananin juyi - ya isa daga Yalta zuwa Tobolsk.
Sergei Kostritsky ya bi da dangin sarki har ma bayan zubar da jini
14. Wataƙila, iyayen sun gano nan da nan cewa jariri Aleksey yana rashin lafiya tare da hemophilia - tuni a farkon kwanakin rayuwar jaririn mara sa'a, ya sha fama da zub da jini na tsawon lokaci ta cikin cibiya. Duk da tsananin baƙin ciki, dangin sun yi nasarar ɓoye cutar tsawon lokaci. Ko da shekaru 10 bayan haihuwar Alexei, jita-jita iri-iri da ba a tabbatar da su ba suna yawo game da rashin lafiyarsa. 'Yar'uwar Nikolai Ksenia Aleksandrovna ta sami labarin mummunan rashin lafiyar magajin shekaru 10 daga baya.
Tsarevich Alexey
15. Nicholas II bashi da wata damuwa ta musamman ga shaye-shaye. Ko makiya da suka san halin da ake ciki a cikin fadar sun yarda da wannan. Ana ba da giya koyaushe a teburin, sarki na iya shan tabarau biyu ko gilashin shampen, ko kuma ba zai iya shan komai ba. Ko da a lokacin zaman su a gaba, a cikin kamfanin maza, an sha barasa a matsakaici. Misali, an ba da giya 10 na giya don abincin dare ga mutane 30. Kuma kasancewar an yi masu hidimar kwata-kwata baya nufin sun bugu. Kodayake, ba shakka, wani lokacin Nikolai yana ba da kansa kyauta kuma yana iya, a cikin kalmominsa, "ɗora kaya" ko "yayyafa". Washegari, sarki ya lura da zunuban a cikin littafinsa, yayin da yake farin ciki cewa ya yi barci mai kyau ko kuma ya yi barci sosai. Wato, babu batun dogaro.
16. Babbar matsala ga sarki da dangin duka shine haihuwar magaji. Kowa da kowa ya kula da wannan raunin, daga ma'aikatun ƙasashen waje har zuwa na gari. Alexandra Fedorovna an bashi kulawar likitanci da likitanci. An ba Nicholas shawarar mafi kyawun matsayi don ɗaukar magaji. Akwai wasiƙu da yawa waɗanda Chancellery ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za ta ba su ci gaba ba (wato, ba da rahoto ga sarki) kuma a bar irin waɗannan wasiƙun ba a amsa su ba.
17. Duk membobin gidan sarki suna da masu aiki na musamman da masu jira. Tsarin inganta bayin a kotun ya kasance mai matukar rikitarwa da rudani, amma a dunkule ya ta'allaka ne da ka'idar babba da gado a cikin ma'anar cewa bayin sun wuce daga uba zuwa ɗa, da dai sauransu. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa mafi kusancin bayin sun kasance, a sanya shi a hankali, ba saurayi ba, cewa galibi yakan haifar da kowane irin abu. Yayin daya daga cikin manyan abincinsu, tsohon bawa, ya sanya kifi daga babban tasa a cikin farantin Empress, ya fadi, kuma kifin ya kare wani bangare kan rigar Alexandra Feodorovna, wani sashi a kasa. Duk da yawan kwarewar da ya yi, bawan ya yi asara. Cikin iyawarsa, ya garzaya zuwa kicin. Masu cin abincin sun yi dabara, suna yin kamar babu abin da ya faru. Koyaya, lokacin da bawan, wanda ya dawo da sabon abincin kifi, ya zame kan wani kifin ya sake faɗuwa tare da sakamakon da ya dace, babu wanda zai iya kame kansa daga dariya. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ana azabtar da bayi saboda irin waɗannan abubuwan a hukumance - an tura su zuwa ƙaramin matsayi na mako guda ko aika su hutawa.
18. A ƙarshen 1900, mulkin Nicholas II na iya ƙarewa dangane da mutuwarsa. Sarkin ya yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani tare da zazzabin taifod. Cutar ta yi wuya har suka fara magana game da tsarin rabon gado, kuma hatta masarautar tana da ciki. Lokacin juyawa don mafi kyau ya zo ne kawai wata daya da rabi bayan farkon cutar. Nikolai bai yi wani abu ba a cikin littafin tarihin sa na wata ɗaya - a karo na farko da na ƙarshe a rayuwarsa. "Hanyar rana" a Yalta asalinsa ana kiranta "Tsarskoy" - an huda shi da sauri don sarki mai murmurewa ya iya tafiya a ƙasa.
Nan da nan bayan rashin lafiya
19. Yawancin mutanen zamanin sun lura cewa Nicholas II yayi aiki tuƙuru. Koyaya, koda a cikin kwatancin tausayinsu, ranar aikin masarautar ba ta da wahala, kuma ba ta da hankali. Misali, kowane minista yana da nasa ranar da zai kawo rahoto kafin karin kumallo. Da alama yana da ma'ana - sarki yana ganin kowane minista akan kari. Amma tambaya mai ma'ana ta taso: me yasa? Idan babu wasu yanayi na ban mamaki a cikin lamuran ma'aikatar, me yasa muke bukatar wani rahoto? A gefe guda, idan yanayi mai ban mamaki ya faru, Nikolai zai iya zama da wuya ga ministocin. Game da tsawon lokacin aiki, Nikolai bai yi aiki ba sama da awanni 7 - 8 a rana, yawanci ƙasa. Daga karfe 10 zuwa 13 ya karbi ministocin, sannan ya karya kumallo ya yi tafiya, ya ci gaba da karatunsa daga misalin karfe 16 zuwa 20.Gabaɗaya, kamar yadda ɗayan marubutan abubuwan tarihin suka rubuta, yana da wuya lokacin da Nicholas II zai iya iya ciyar da yini ɗaya tare da iyalinsa.
20. Nikolay kawai mummunar xabi’a ce shan sigari. Koyaya, a lokacin da aka dakatar da hanci da hodar iblis, ba su ma yi tunani game da gaskiyar cewa shan sigari na iya zama illa ba. Sarki yana shan sigari galibi, yana shan sigari da yawa kuma sau da yawa. Kowa a cikin dangin taba sigari, ban da Alexei.
21. Nicholas II, kamar yawancin magabata a kan karagar mulki, an bashi Order of St. George, IV digiri. Sarki ya kasance mai matukar tausayawa da nuna farin ciki da gaske a lambar yabo ta farko, wacce aka karba ba bisa ga matsayin mutuminsa ba, sai don cancantar soja. Amma George bai kara iko tsakanin jami'an ba. Yanayin nasarar da sarki yayi na "feat" ya watsu tare da saurin wutar gobara. Ya zama cewa Nicholas II da magajin, yayin tafiya zuwa gaba, sun isa matsayin gaba na sojojin Rasha. Koyaya, ramuka na Rasha da ramuka na abokan gaba a cikin wannan wuri sun rabu da tsiri mai tsaka har zuwa nisan kilomita 7. Ya kasance mai hazo, kuma babu matsayin maƙiyi da ke bayyane. Wannan balaguron an ɗauke shi da isasshen dalili don ba da lambar yabo ga ɗansa da oda ga mahaifinsa. Kyautar da kanta ba ta yi kyau sosai ba, har ma kowa ya tuna nan da nan cewa Peter I, duka ukun Alexander, da Nicholas I sun karɓi kyaututtukan su don shiga cikin fadan gaske ...
A gaba tare da Tsarevich Alexei
