Andrey Arsenievich Tarkovsky (1932-1986) - gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet da daraktan fim, marubucin allo. Fim dinsa "Andrei Rublev", "Mirror" da "Stalker" ana saka su lokaci-lokaci a cikin ƙididdigar mafi kyawun ayyukan fim a tarihi.
A tarihin Tarkovsky akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa, waɗanda za mu ba da labarin su a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Andrei Tarkovsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Tarkovsky
An haifi Andrei Tarkovsky a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1932 a cikin ƙauyen Zavrazhie (yankin Kostroma). Ya girma kuma ya tashi cikin iyali mai ilimi.
Mahaifin daraktan, Arseny Alexandrovich, marubuci ne kuma mai fassara. Uwa, Maria Ivanovna, ta kasance dalibi a Cibiyar Nazarin Adabi. Baya ga Andrei, iyayensa suna da 'ya mace, Marina.
Yara da samari
Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haihuwar Andrei, dangin Tarkovsky sun zauna a Moscow. Lokacin da yaron bai kai shekara 3 ba, mahaifinsa ya bar gidan ya koma wata mace.
A sakamakon haka, dole ne uwa ta kula da yaran ita kadai. Iyali galibi basu rasa abubuwan mahimmanci. A farkon Yakin Patan rioasa (1941-1945), Tarkovsky, tare da mahaifiyarsa da ’yar’uwarsa, sun koma Yuryevets, inda’ yan uwansu suke zaune.
Rayuwa a Yuryevets ta bar babbar alama a tarihin rayuwar Andrei Tarkovsky. Daga baya, waɗannan abubuwan za su nuna a fim ɗin "Madubi".
Bayan wasu shekaru, dangin sun dawo babban birni, inda ya ci gaba da zuwa makaranta. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce abokin karatunsa shi ne sanannen mawaƙi Andrei Voznesensky. A lokaci guda, Tarkovsky ya halarci makarantar kiɗa a cikin piano piano.
A makarantar sakandare, saurayin ya tsunduma cikin zane a makarantar zane-zane ta gida. Bayan ya sami takardar shaidar, Andrey cikin nasara ya ci jarabawa a Cibiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Moscow a ƙwararren larabci.
Tuni a shekarar farko ta karatu, Tarkovsky ya fahimci cewa yana cikin sauri tare da zaɓar sana'a. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya sadu da wani kamfani mara kyau, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya fara rayuwa ta lalata. Daga baya ya yarda cewa mahaifiyarsa ta cece shi, wanda ya taimaka masa samun aiki a cikin ɓangaren ilimin ƙasa.
A matsayin memba na balaguron, Andrei Tarkovsky ya kwashe kimanin shekara guda a cikin zurfin taiga, nesa da wayewa. Bayan ya dawo gida, sai ya shiga sashen bayar da umarni a VGIK.
Fina-finai
Lokacin da a cikin 1954 Tarkovsky ya zama ɗalibi a VGIK, shekara guda ta wuce tun mutuwar Stalin. Godiya ga wannan, mulkin kama-karya a kasar ya dan yi rauni kadan. Wannan ya taimaka wa ɗalibin musanyar ƙwarewa tare da abokan aiki na ƙasashen waje kuma ya zama sananne ga silima ta Yamma.
Fina-finai sun fara aiki sosai a cikin USSR. Tarihin kirkirar Andrei Tarkovsky ya fara ne yana da shekaru 24. Faifan sa na farko an kira shi "Assassins", dangane da aikin Ernest Hemingway.
Bayan haka, matashin daraktan ya sake yin gajeren fim biyu. Har ma a wannan lokacin, malamai sun lura da baiwar Andrey kuma sun annabta makoma mai kyau a gare shi.
Ba da daɗewa ba mutumin ya sadu da Andrei Konchalovsky, wanda ya yi karatu tare da shi a wannan jami'ar. Nan da nan mutanen suka zama abokai kuma suka fara haɗin gwiwa. Tare sun rubuta rubuce-rubuce da yawa kuma a gaba suna raba abubuwan da suka koya wa juna.
A shekarar 1960, Tarkovsky ya kammala karatu da girmamawa daga makarantar, bayan haka ya tashi aiki. A lokacin, ya riga ya fara hangen nasa fim. Fina-Finansa sun nuna wahala da begen mutanen da suka ɗauki nauyi na ɗabi'a ta ɗabi'ar ɗan adam.
Andrey Arsenievich ya ba da hankali sosai ga haske da sauti, wanda aikin sa shi ne taimaka wa mai kallo cikakken abin da ya gani akan allon.
A cikin 1962 an fara gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na cikakken aikin soja na Ivan's Childhood. Duk da matsanancin karancin lokaci da kudade, Tarkovsky ya sami nasarar jimre wa aikin tare da samun yabo daga masu suka da kuma masu kallo na yau da kullun. Fim ɗin ya sami kusan lambobin yabo na ƙasashe goma sha biyu, gami da Zinariyar Zinare.
Bayan shekaru 4, mutumin ya gabatar da shahararren fim dinsa "Andrei Rublev", wanda nan da nan ya sami karbuwa a duniya. A karo na farko a cikin silima na Soviet, an gabatar da kyakkyawan kallo na ruhaniya, ɓangaren addini na zamanin da Rasha. Ya kamata a lura cewa Andrei Konchalovsky shine marubucin marubucin rubutun.
A shekarar 1972, Tarkovsky ya gabatar da sabon wasan kwaikwayo, Solaris, kashi biyu. Wannan aikin ya kuma farantawa masu sauraro na kasashe da yawa rai kuma sakamakon haka an bashi Grand Prix na Cannes Film Festival. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga wasu ƙuri'un, Solaris yana daga cikin manyan finafinan almara na kimiyya koyaushe.
Bayan wasu shekaru, Andrei Tarkovsky ya dauki fim din "Madubi", wanda aka gabatar da aukuwa da yawa daga tarihinsa. Babban rawar ya tafi Margarita Tereshkova.
A cikin 1979, farawar "Stalker", dangane da aikin 'yan uwan Strugatsky "Hanyar Hanya". Ya kamata a san cewa fasalin farko na wannan misalin-wasan kwaikwayo ya mutu saboda dalilai na fasaha. A sakamakon haka, daraktan ya sake yin harbi sau uku.
Wakilan Hukumar Kula da Fina-finai ta Soviet ta ba fim ɗin kashi na uku ne kawai, yana ba da izinin buga kofi 196 kawai. Wannan yana nufin cewa ɗaukar masu sauraro kaɗan ne.
Koyaya, duk da wannan, kusan mutane miliyan 4 ne suka kalli "Stalker". Fim din ya sami lambar yabo ta Ecumenical Jury Prize a Cannes Film Festival. Ya kamata a san cewa wannan aikin ya zama ɗayan mahimmancin tarihin rayuwar darakta.
Bayan haka Andrei Tarkovsky ya sake ɗaukar ƙarin hotuna 3: "Lokacin tafiya", "Nostaljiya" da "Hadaya". Duk waɗannan fina-finai an yi su ne a ƙasashen waje, lokacin da mutum da danginsa suke gudun hijira a Italiya tun 1980.
Forcedaura zuwa ƙasashen waje tilas ne, tun da duka jami'ai da abokan aiki a shagon sun tsoma baki a aikin Tarkovsky.
A lokacin rani na 1984, Andrei Arsenievich, a wurin taron jama'a a Milan, ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya yanke shawarar ƙarshe ya zauna a Yammacin Turai. Lokacin da shugabancin USSR ya gano hakan, ta hana watsa shirye-shiryen fina-finan Tarkovsky a cikin kasar, tare da ambatonsa a buga.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, hukumomin Florence sun ba wa maigidan na Rasha gida tare da ba shi lambar girmamawa ta ɗan birni.
Rayuwar mutum
Tare da matarsa ta farko, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Irma Raush, Tarkovsky sun hadu a lokacin da yake dalibi. Wannan auren ya kasance daga 1957 zuwa 1970. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ma'auratan sun sami ɗa, Arseny.
Matar Andrey ta gaba ita ce Larisa Kizilova, wacce ta kasance mataimakiyarsa a lokacin daukar fim din Andrey Rublev. Daga auren da ya gabata, Larisa tana da 'ya mace, Olga, wanda darektan ya amince ya ɗauke ta. Daga baya sun sami ɗa na kowa, Andrei.
A cikin samartakarsa, Tarkovsky ya nemi Valentina Malyavina, wanda ya ƙi ya zauna tare da shi. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa duka Andrei da Valentina sun yi aure a lokacin.
Hakanan mutumin yana da kusanci da mai ƙirar tufafi Inger Person, wanda ya sadu da shi jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa. Sakamakon wannan dangantakar ita ce haihuwar shege, Alexander, wanda Tarkovsky bai taɓa ganin sa ba.
Mutuwa
Shekara guda kafin mutuwarsa, Andrei ya kamu da cutar kansa ta huhu. Likitocin sun kasa taimaka masa, tunda cutar ta kasance a matakin karshe. Lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ta sami labarin halin rashin lafiyarsa, sai jami'ai suka sake ba da damar nuna finafinan dan kasarsu.
Andrei Arsenievich Tarkovsky ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1986 yana da shekara 54. An binne shi a makabartar Faransa ta Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, inda shahararrun mutanen Rasha suka huta.
Tarkovsky Hotuna
