Guy Julius Kaisar (100-44 BC, dictator 49, 48-47 and 46-44 BC, babban firist daga 63 BC
Kaisar ya hade da Jamhuriyar Romaniya babban yanki daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Rhine, yana samun shahararren shugaban sojoji mai hazaka.
Ko a lokacin rayuwar Kaisar, bautarsa ta fara, taken girmamawa na babban kwamanda mai nasara "sarki" ya zama wani bangare na sunansa. Lakabin Kaiser da Tsar sun koma sunan Julius Caesar, da sunan watan bakwai na shekara - Yuli.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Kaisar, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanka gajeriyar tarihin Guy Julius Caesar.
Tarihin rayuwar Kaisar
Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa an haifi Gaius Julius Caesar ne a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 100 BC, kodayake akwai sigogin da aka haife shi a shekara ta 101 ko 102 BC. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin Julian.
Abin lura ne cewa masu mallakar patricia mutane ne waɗanda suka fito daga asalin dangin Roman, waɗanda suka ƙunshi rukunin mulki da riƙe filayen jama'a a hannunsu.
Yara da samari
Dukkanin rayuwar Gaius Julius Caesar ya kasance a Subur, ɗayan gundumomin Rome. Mahaifin kwamandan na gaba, Gaius Julius, ya rike mukamin jiha, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga gidan Kott mai daraja.
Tunda iyayen Kaisar suna da wadata, sun ɗauki malamai don ɗansu waɗanda ke koya masa Girkanci, falsafa, adabi da magana a gaban jama'a. Daya daga cikin malaman yaron shine shahararren mai yawan magana da magana Gnifon, wanda ya taba koyawa Cicero kansa.
Yankin na Subur, inda dangin Yuliev suke zaune, ya kasance ba aiki. Akwai karuwai da maroka da yawa a ciki.
Bala'i na farko a tarihin rayuwar Guy Julius Caesar ya faru ne yana da shekara 15, lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu. Bayan mutuwar iyaye, saurayin, a zahiri, ya jagoranci duk dangin Yuliev, tunda duk dangin mazan da suka girme shi sun mutu.
Siyasa
Lokacin da Kaisar yake ɗan shekara 13, aka zaɓe shi firist na allahn Jupiter, wanda a lokacin ana ɗaukarsa da daraja sosai. Don yin wannan, dole ne ya auri diyar shugaban sojoji Cinna - Cornelia, tunda zai iya zama firist ne kawai ta hanyar auren wata yarinya daga dangin patrician.
A cikin 82, Kaisar an tilasta masa barin Rome, tunda mai mulkin kama-karya Lucius Cornelius Sulla ya zama shugabanta. Mai mulkin kama karya ya umarce shi da ya saki Cornelia, amma ya ƙi yin biyayya. Guy ya kuma tayar da fushin Sulla saboda gaskiyar cewa dangin makiyansa ne - Guy Maria da Cinna.
An kwace Kaisar daga mallakar Flamin da dukiyar mutane. Saurayin ya gudu daga Rome ta hanyar suturar mabarata. Daga baya, abokansa suka lallashe Sulla ya tausaya wa Julius, sakamakon haka aka sake ba mutumin izinin komawa mahaifarsa.
Ga Romawa, mulkin Sulla ba abin jurewa bane. A wancan lokacin, tarihin Gaius Julius Caesar ya zauna a ɗaya daga cikin lardunan Asiya orarama, inda ya fara koyon fasahar yaƙi. A can ya zama abokin Mark Minucius Therma, yana cikin yaƙi da garin Girka na Methylene.
Yayin mamayar wannan birni, Kaisar ya nuna kansa jarumi jarumi. Bugu da ƙari, ya sami nasarar ceton abokin aiki kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo mafi muhimmanci ta biyu saboda rawar sa - farar hula (oak wreath).
A cikin shekaru 78. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus yayi ƙoƙari ya yi juyin mulki a Rome kuma ta haka ne ya hamɓarar da Sulla. Yana da kyau a lura cewa Mark ya ba Kaisar ya zama abokin tarayyarsa, amma ya ƙi.
Bayan mutuwar mai mulkin kama-karya a cikin 77, Guy ya so ya gabatar da mutane biyu masu ra'ayi irin na Sulla - Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella da Guy Anthony Gabrida. Ya yi zarge-zarge a shari’ar, amma ba a taɓa yanke wa ɗayansu hukunci ba.
Saboda wannan dalili, Julius ya yanke shawarar haɓaka ƙwarewar magana. Ya tafi Rhodes don ɗaukar darasi daga masanin lafazi Apollonius Molon. A kan hanyar zuwa Rhodes, 'yan fashin Cilician sun kai masa hari. Lokacin da masu garkuwar suka gano waye fursinoninsu, sai suka nemi a biya shi makudan kudade.
Masu ba da labarin Kaisar suna da'awar cewa a cikin bauta ya kasance da mutunci kuma har ma ya yi ba'a da 'yan fashin teku. Da zarar masu laifin sun karbi kudin fansa kuma suka 'yanta fursunan, nan da nan Julius ya samar da wata tawaga sannan ya bi sawun wadanda suka yi masa laifi. Bayan ya kama masu fashin, ya yanke musu hukuncin kisa.
A cikin 73, Kaisar ya zama memba na babbar kwalejin firistoci. Daga baya aka zaɓe shi ya zama mashahurin Roman, bayan haka ya fara aikin inganta birni. Mutumin yakan shirya bukukuwa masu yawa kuma ya ba da taimako ga matalauta. Kari akan haka, ya gyara shahararren hanyar Appian da kudin sa.
Bayan zama sanata, Julius ya sami karin farin jini. Yana shiga cikin "Leges frumentariae" ("Dokokin Gurasa"), wanda ya ba Romawa 'yancin siyan burodi a ragin farashi ko karɓar shi kyauta. Ya kuma inganta tare da aiwatar da sauye-sauye da dama a fannoni daban-daban.
Yaƙe-yaƙe
Yaƙin Gallic ana ɗaukarsa mafi mahimmancin abin tarihi a tarihin tsohuwar Rome da tarihin rayuwar Guy Julius Caesar. A wancan lokacin, ya kasance mai mulki.
Kaisar ya je ya sasanta da shugaban ƙabilar Celtic a Geneva, tun da aka tilasta wa Helwalat ɗin ƙaura zuwa yankin daular Roman saboda hare-haren Jamusawa.
Julius ya sami damar hana Helwalatiyawa shiga ƙasashen Jamhuriyar Roman, kuma bayan sun ƙaura zuwa yankin ƙabilar Aedui da ke kawance da Rome, Guy ya kawo musu hari kuma ya ci su.
Bayan wannan, Kaisar ya kayar da Suevi Bajamushe, wanda ya mallaki ƙasashen Gallic kuma suna gefen Kogin Rhine. A cikin 55, ya kayar da ƙabilun Jamusawa, ya shiga yankinsu.
Guy Julius Caesar shine babban kwamandan Rome na farko wanda ya sami nasarar shirya yaƙin soja mai nasara a yankin Rhine: jarumawansa suna tafiya tare da wata gada da aka gina musamman mai tsawon mita 400. Duk da haka, sojojin kwamandan ba su daɗe a cikin Jamus ba, suna yanke shawarar zuwa yaƙi da Birtaniyya.
Can, Kaisar ya sami nasarori masu yawa, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya ja da baya, tunda matsayin rundunarsa bai da ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, a wancan lokacin an tilasta masa komawa Gaul don murƙushe tashin hankali. Yana da kyau a lura cewa sojojin na Rumawa basu da yawa a cikin rundunar ta Gauls, amma saboda dabaru da hazakar Julius, ta sami nasarar fatattakar su.
Zuwa AD 50, Kaisar ya maido da yankuna mallakar mallakar Jamhuriyar Roman. Masu rubutun tarihin kwamandan sun lura cewa shi ba kawai ƙwararren mai dabara da dabaru ba ne, amma kuma ƙwararren jami'in diflomasiyya ne. Ya sami damar sarrafa shugabannin Gallic kuma ya haifar da rikici tsakanin su.
Mulkin kama-karya
Bayan Gaius Julius Caesar ya karɓi mulki a hannunsa, ya zama mai mulkin kama-karya na Rome, yana amfani da cikakken matsayinsa. Ya ba da umarnin sauya tsarin majalisar dattijan, tare da sauya tsarin zamantakewar jamhuriya.
Mutane daga ƙananan masu daraja sun daina yunƙurin zuwa Rome, saboda Kaisar ya soke biyan tallafin kuma ya rage rarraba burodi.
A lokaci guda, mai mulkin kama-karya yana tsunduma cikin ci gaban masarautar. A Rome, an gina Haikalin Allahntakar Julius, inda aka gudanar da taron Majalisar Dattawa. Bugu da kari, an kafa mutum-mutumin gunkin Venus a tsakiyar garin, tunda Kaisar ya sha nanata cewa wakilan dangin Julian Caesar suna da dangantaka da ita.
An naɗa Kaisar sarki, hotunansa da zane-zanensa an kawata ɗakunan bauta da titunan gari. Duk ɗayan kalmomin nasa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin doka wacce ba za a keta ta ba.
Kwamandan ya nemi cimma tsarkake halayensa, yana mai da hankali ga Alexander the Great, wanda ya karɓi al'adun gwamnati daga Farisawa da suka ci yaƙi.
'Yan shekaru kafin mutuwarsa, Kaisar ya ba da sanarwar sake fasalin kalandar Roman. Maimakon watan, an gabatar da kalandar rana, wanda ya kunshi kwanaki 365 tare da karin kwana daya duk bayan shekaru 4.
Farawa a cikin 45, sabon kalanda ya fara aiki, wanda aka sani yau da kalandar Julian. An yi amfani da shi a cikin Turai kusan ƙarni 16, har zuwa lokacin da aka ci gaba, ta hanyar umarnin Paparoma Gregory 13, ɗan kalandar da aka ɗan sake sabuntawa, wanda ake kira Gregorian.
Rayuwar mutum
A tsawon shekarun tarihinsa, Kaisar ya yi aure aƙalla sau 3. Matsayin alaƙar sa da Cossutia, yarinya daga dangi mai kuɗi, ba ta bayyana gaba ɗaya saboda rashin kiyaye takardu game da samarin kwamandan.
Gabaɗaya an yi imanin cewa Julius da Cossutia sun yi aure, kodayake Plutarch ya kira yarinyar matar. Rabuwa da Cossutia a bayyane ya faru a cikin 84 g. Ba da daɗewa ba mutumin ya auri Cornelia, wacce ta haifi 'yarsa Julia. A cikin 69, Cornelia ta mutu yayin haihuwar ɗanta na biyu, wanda shi ma bai rayu ba.
Matar ta biyu ta Gaius Julius Caesar ita ce Pompey, jika ga mai mulkin kama-karya Lucius Sulla. Wannan aure ya yi shekaru 5. A karo na uku, sarki ya auri Calpurnia, wacce ta fito daga daular masarauta masu daukaka. A cikin aure na biyu da na uku, ba shi da yara.
A tsawon rayuwarsa, Kaisar yana da mataye da yawa, gami da Servilia. Ya ƙasƙantar da kansa zuwa Servilia, yana ƙoƙari ya cika burin ɗanta Brutus kuma ya sanya shi ɗayan mutanen farko a Rome. Hakanan akwai bayanin cewa Guy ana zargin ya yi lalata da maza.
Mashahurin matar Kaisar ita ce sarauniyar Misra Cleopatra. Aunar su ta ƙare kusan shekaru 2.5, har zuwa kisan sarki. Daga Cleopatra yana da ɗa, Ptolemy Caesarion.
Mutuwa
Gaius Julius Caesar ya mutu ranar 15 ga Maris, 44 BC kafin shekararsa yana da shekaru 55. Ya mutu ne sakamakon wata makarkashiya da sanatocin da ba su ji dadin mulkinsa ba. Makircin ya hada da mutane 14, babban cikinsu Mark Junius Brutus, ɗan uwargidan mai mulkin kama-karya.
Kaisar yana matukar kaunar Brutus kuma yana matukar kulawa dashi. Koyaya, saurayin mai butulcin ya ci amanar maigidan nasa don kawai maslaha ta siyasa.
Wadanda suka kulla makircin sun amince cewa kowannensu ya buge Julius sau daya da adda. A cewar masanin tarihin Suetonius, lokacin da Kaisar ya ga Brutus, sai ya tambaye shi tambaya: "Kai kuma, ɗana?"
Mutuwar babban kwamandan ta hanzarta faɗuwar Daular Rome. Lokacin da Romawa, waɗanda ke ƙaunar sarkinsu, suka sami labarin abin da ya faru, suka yi fushi. Koyaya, ya riga ya gagara canza komai. Yana da kyau a lura cewa kawai magajin an kira shi Kaisar - Guy Octavian.
Kaisar Hotuna
