Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - Likita dan kasar Rasha kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi, masanin ilmin halitta, malami, farfesa, marubucin atlas na farko na yanayin yanayin kasa, wanda ya kafa tiyata a fagen sojan Rasha kuma ya kafa makarantar rigakafin Rasha. Mai ba da shawara.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Pirogov, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Nikolai Pirogov.
Tarihin rayuwar Pirogov
An haifi Nikolai Pirogov a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba (25), 1810 a Moscow. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin tsarkakakkun Iyalan sojan soja na Ivan Ivanovich da matarsa Elizaveta Ivanovna.
Baya ga Nikolai, an haifi wasu yara 13 a cikin dangin Pirogov, yawancinsu sun mutu tun suna yara.
Yara da samari
Masanin kimiyya na gaba ya sami karatunsa na farko a gida. Yana dan shekara 12 sai aka tura shi wani gida mai zaman kansa. Daga baya, dole ne ya bar wannan ma'aikatar, tunda iyayensa ba za su iya biyan kuɗin karatun ɗansu ba.
A cikin samartakarsa, Pirogov ya fara tunanin zaɓar sana'a. A sakamakon haka, a ƙarƙashin tasirin farfesan magani Erem Mukhin, wanda yake abokai ne da iyayen yaron, Nikolai ya so ya zama likita. Daga baya, zai kira farfesa malami na ruhaniya.
Pirogov yana matukar son karatu, saboda haka ya dauki lokaci mai yawa a laburaren gidansa, wanda yake da girman gaske. Ganin irin kwarewar Nikolai, Mukhin ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don ganin ya sami ilimin likitanci mafi girma.
Bugu da kari, mutumin lokaci-lokaci yana ba da tallafin kudi ga dangin Pirogov. Lokacin da Nikolai yake ɗan shekara 14, ya shiga sashen likitanci na Jami'ar Moscow ta Imperial. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a cikin takardun ya nuna cewa ya riga ya cika shekaru 16.
A wannan lokacin tarihin rayuwar, Pirogov suna cikin tsananin buƙata. Iyaye ba za su iya saya wa ɗansu kayan soja ba, saboda haka dole ne ya halarci aji a cikin babban riga, yana fama da zafin rana.
Bayan kammala karatun, Nikolai ya yi nasarar kare kundin karatun nasa a kan maudu'in: "Shin murdawar ciki aorta idan har an sake samun wani abu a yankin gwaiwa abu ne mai sauki kuma mai aminci?"
Magani da koyarwa
Da yake son samun digirin digirgir a likitanci, sai aka sanya Pirogov yin karatu a Jami'ar Berlin, tare da sauran ɗalibai. Ya kammala aikin inganci tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙwararrun likitocin tiyata na Jamus.
A cikin Jamus, Nikolai ya sami damar nuna ƙwarewar sa a aikace kuma ya sami suna a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren masani. A sauƙaƙe aka ba shi hadaddun ayyukan da ba wanda ya ɗauka don aiwatarwa a gabansa.
Yana dan shekara 26, Pirogov ya samu mukamin farfesa a sashen tiyata a Jami'ar Dorpat ta Imperial. Abin mamaki ne cewa shi ne farfesa na farko na Rasha da ya zama shugaban sashen.
Bayan lokaci, Nikolai Ivanovich ya ziyarci Faransa, inda yake son duba asibitocin cikin gida da kuma ganin matakin magungunan gida. Koyaya, babu ɗayan cibiyoyin da aka ziyarta da suka yi tasiri game da likitan na Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, ya sami shahararren likitan Faransa Velpeau yana nazarin nasa labarin.
A cikin 1841 Pirogov ya koma Rasha, inda nan da nan aka ba shi shugaban sashen tiyata a Kwalejin Likita-Tiyata ta Imperial. Daidai da wannan, ya shugabanci asibitin tiyatar asibiti da ya kafa.
A wannan lokacin, tarihin Nikolai Pirogov ya horar da likitocin tiyata, kuma ya yi nazari sosai kan duk hanyoyin tiyatar da aka sani a wancan lokacin. A sakamakon haka, ya zamanantar da hanyoyi da yawa tare da gabatar musu da wasu sabbin dabaru. Saboda wannan, ya kasance mafi ƙaranci fiye da takwarorinsa don yanke yanke jiki.
Daya daga cikin wadannan dabarun har yanzu ana kiranta "Operation Pirogov". A wani yunƙuri na sauƙaƙawa da haɓaka ayyukan, Pirogov da kansa ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen jikin mutum akan gawarwakin da aka daskarar. A sakamakon haka, wannan ya haifar da samuwar sabon horo na likitanci - yanayin yanayin kasa.
Bayan nazarin dalla-dalla game da dukkanin siffofin jikin mutum, Nikolai Pirogov ya buga atlas na anatomical na 1, wanda ke tare da zane mai zane. Wannan aikin ya zama littafin ishara ga duk likitocin tiyata.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, likitoci sun sami damar yin aiki tare da ƙananan sakamako mai wahala ga mai haƙuri. Bayan haka, ya zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Imperial St.
Lokacin da Pirogov yana ɗan shekara 27, ya je gaban, yana son gwada dabarun aikin likita a aikace. Ya isa Caucasus, ya fara amfani da suturar da aka jiƙa da sitaci tare da bandeji. A sakamakon haka, an gano irin wadannan suturar sun fi karko da kwanciyar hankali.
Nikolai kuma ya zama likita na farko a cikin tarihi wanda ya sami nasarar yi wa mai haƙuri aiki a cikin filin ta amfani da maganin sa maye. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a cikin shekaru masu zuwa na tarihinsa, zai gudanar da irin wadannan ayyukan kusan 10,000. A daminar shekarar 1847 aka bashi taken ainihin dan majalisar jiha.
Bayan haka, Pirogov shine likita na farko na Rasha wanda ya fara yin filastar filastar, wanda a yanzu ake amfani da shi a duk duniya. Wannan ya faru yayin Yaƙin Crimean (1853-1856). Don rage yawan mace-mace da yanke jiki, sai ya raba masu jinyar zuwa rukuni 4, kowane daga cikinsu ya yi aikinsa daban.
Babban mahimmancin likitan likita shine gabatar da sabuwar hanyar rarraba raunuka. Har ilayau, shine farkon wanda ya fara rarraba mutanen da suka ji rauni daidai gwargwadon wahalar cikin kungiyoyi 5:
- Mara bege kuma mai rauni a mace.
- Ana buƙatar taimako nan da nan.
- Mai nauyi, amma yana iya tsira ana jigilar shi zuwa asibiti.
- Don a kai shi asibiti.
- Wadanda ke da kananan raunuka wadanda za a iya magance su nan take.
Wannan aikin a nan gaba ya zama sabis na likita da ƙaura a cikin sojojin. A lokaci guda, kada mutum ya manta cewa Pirogov cikin ƙwarewa ya tsara ingantacciyar hanyar jigilar kaya ta amfani da dawakai. Saboda waɗannan da wasu dalilai, ana kiransa da kakannin kakannin aikin tiyata.
Komawa zuwa St. Petersburg, Nikolai Pirogov ya yi wata ganawa ta sirri tare da sarki, yana gaya masa game da matsalolin matsalolin sojoji. Nasihar da likitan ya yi masa ya tayar da hankali a cikin Alexander II, saboda wannan dalili ya ƙi ya saurare shi.
Pirogov ya yanke kauna daga tsar kuma an nada shi mai rikon amintattun gundumomin Odessa da Kiev. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, yayi kokarin aiwatar da sauye-sauyen ilimi da dama, wadanda suka harzuka mahukuntan yankin.
A 1866 Nikolai Ivanovich ya ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa gidansa a lardin Vinnitsa, inda ya buɗe asibiti kyauta. Ba mazauna gida kawai aka kula dasu ba, har ma da sauran 'yan uwansa, waɗanda suka san da kansu game da ƙwarewar likita.
Lokaci guda tare da wannan, Pirogov ya ci gaba da rubuta takaddun kimiyya game da tiyata filin soji. An gayyace shi akai-akai don yin magana a ƙasashen waje tare da laccoci a taron duniya. Wani abin ban sha'awa shine a yayin tafiyarsa ta kasuwanci ta gaba, ya ba da taimakon likita ga shahararren mai neman sauyi Garibaldi.
Tsar ta Rasha ta sake tuna Pirogov a lokacin da yaƙin Russia da Turkiya yaƙin. Ya isa Bulgaria, ya fara tsara asibitoci da kuma kai marasa lafiya zuwa asibitocin rashin lafiya. Saboda hidimomin da ya yiwa Mahaifin, Alexander II ya bashi kyautar White Eagle da akwatin zoben zinare mai lu'ulu'u.
A kwanakin ƙarshe na tarihinsa, Nikolai Ivanovich ya ci gaba da aiki a kan marasa lafiya. Jim kadan kafin rasuwarsa, ya sami nasarar kammala rubuta littafin nan na Diary of Old Doctor.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta karamin likitan ita ce jikan janar Nikolai Tatishchev mai suna Ekaterina Berezina. Wannan aure ya kasance kawai shekaru 4. Yarinyar ta mutu ne sakamakon rikice-rikicen haihuwa, ta bar 'ya'ya maza 2 - Nikolai da Vladimir.
Shekaru 4 bayan haka, Pirogov ya auri wata baiwarta kuma dangin shahararren matafiyin Ivan Kruzenshtern. Ta zama abin dogara ga mijinta. Godiya ga kokarinta, an buɗe asibitin tiyata a Kiev.
Mutuwa
Nikolai Pirogov ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba (5 ga Disamba) 1881 yana da shekara 71. Dalilin mutuwarsa mummunan ƙwayar cuta ne a cikin bakin. Matar mamacin ta ba da umarnin a shafe gawar a sanya ta a cikin madaidaiciyar rumfa tare da taga, wanda daga baya aka gina babban cocin.
A yau, wannan rukuni na kwararru sun tsunduma cikin kiyaye gawar babban likitan, wanda ke kula da yanayin jikin Lenin da Kim Il Sung. Ginin Nikolai Ivanovich ya wanzu har zuwa yau, inda yanzu aka shirya gidan kayan gargajiya don girmama shi.
Hotunan Pirogov
