Grigory Efimovich Rasputin (1869 - 1916) mutum ne mai rikitarwa a lokacin rayuwarsa kuma bayan mutuwarsa yana ci gaba da kasancewa haka, duk da dinbin littattafai da labarai da aka buga game da shi a cikin karnin da suka shude tun daga mutuwarsa. Har zuwa karshen karni na 20, saboda rashin kayan aiki na hakika, wallafe-wallafen game da Rasputin sun zana shi ko dai a matsayin lalalataccen aljani wanda ya lalata Rasha, ko kuma a matsayin waliyyi wanda ba shi da laifi ya kashe shi. Ya dogara ne da halayen marubucin, wani ɓangare kan tsarin zaman jama'a.
Ayyuka na gaba ba sa ƙara haske da yawa. Mawallafin su sau da yawa suna zamewa cikin rikici, ba tare da barin abokan hamayya ba. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan marubutan masu banƙyama kamar E. Radzinsky sun ɗauki batun batun. Suna buƙatar gano gaskiyar a ƙarshe, babban abin yana da ban tsoro, ko, kamar yadda yake da kyau a faɗi yanzu, talla. Kuma rayuwar Rasputin da jita-jita game da shi sun ba da dalilai na girgizawa.
Mawallafa na kusan ko lessasa karatun haƙiƙa kusan kusan duk duniya sun yarda cewa, duk da zurfin bincike, sun kasa fahimtar lamarin Rasputin. Wato, an tattara bayanai an bincika su, amma ba shi yiwuwa a gano dalilan da suka haifar da su. Wataƙila masu binciken za su sami kyakkyawan sa'a a nan gaba. Wani abu kuma mai yiwuwa ne: waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa oppositionan adawar Rasha ne suka ƙirƙiro labarin tatsuniyar Rasputin na dukkanin bangarorin siyasa suna da gaskiya. Rasputin ya zama babban adadi na kai tsaye, amma kakkausar suka da kazanta ta dangin masarauta da duk gwamnatin Rasha. Bayan duk wannan, ya yaudare tsarina, ta hanyar nada ministoci da kuma jagorantar ayyukan soja, da sauransu. Juyin juya halin kowane yanki ya yi la'akari da cewa kushewar Rasha tsar ba abin yarda ba ne ga ƙauyen Rasha, kuma ya koma wata hanyar.
1. Lokacin da Grisha ta kasance saurayi, ya bayyana aikin satar doki. Da jin labarin tattaunawa tsakanin mahaifinsa da mazauna ƙauyen game da rashin nasarar neman dokin ɗaya daga cikin matalautan, yaron ya shiga cikin ɗakin ya nuna kai tsaye ga ɗayan waɗanda suke wurin. Bayan leken asiri a kan wanda ake zargin, sai aka sami dokin a farfajiyar sa, kuma Rasputin ya zama mai farauta.
Tare da 'yan gari
2. Bayan ya yi aure yana da shekara 18, Rasputin bai bi tafarkin rayuwa mafi daraja ba - ba ya kaucewa zamantakewar mata, shan giya, da sauransu. A hankali a hankali ana fara sa shi da ruhin addini, yana karatun Nassosi Masu Tsarki kuma yana zuwa wurare masu tsarki. A kan hanyar zuwa daya daga cikin wuraren aikin hajji, Gregory ya hadu da Malyuta Soborovsky, dalibi a makarantar ilimin tauhidi. Skuratovsky, bayan doguwar tattaunawa, ya shawo kan Grigory kada ya lalata ikonsa da rayuwar rikici. Taron ya yi tasiri sosai a rayuwar Rasputin daga baya, kuma Soborovsky ya ƙare a Moscow, ya bar hidimarsa ta zuhudu kuma an kashe shi a cikin maye a cikin Sukharevka.
3. Shekaru 10, Rasputin yayi hajji a wurare masu tsarki. Ba ya ziyarci dukkan manyan wuraren bautar Rasha, har ma ya ziyarci Athos da Urushalima. Ya yi tafiya ta ƙasa kawai a ƙafa, ya hau keken ne kawai idan mai shi ya gayyace shi. Ya ci sadaka, kuma a cikin matalauta ya yi aiki da abincin sa ga masu shi. Yayin da yake yin aikin hajji, ya buɗe idanunsa da kunnuwansa kuma ya gamsu cewa zuhudu abu ne mai ban sha'awa. Gregory shima yana da mummunan ra'ayi game da fastocin cocin. Yana da cikakkiyar masaniya game da Littattafai Masu Tsarki kuma yana da wadataccen hankali don hana girman kan kowane bishop.
4. A ziyarar sa ta farko zuwa St. Petersburg, Rasputin ya tattauna da bishof biyar a lokaci ɗaya. Duk ƙoƙarin manyan ministocin cocin don ruɗar da baƙauyen Siberia ko kama shi a kan saɓani a cikin lamuran tauhidi ya zama banza. Kuma Rasputin ya koma Siberia - ya yi kewar danginsa.
5. Grigory Rasputin ya bi da kuɗi, a gefe ɗaya, a matsayin ɗan baƙi mai kishi - ya gina gida ga iyalinsa, ya biya wa ƙaunatattunsa - kuma a ɗaya hannun, a matsayin mai zafin gaske. Ya ci gaba, kamar a cikin kwanakin da suka gabata a Faransa, wani buɗaɗɗen gida wanda kowa zai iya cin abinci kuma ya sami masauki. Kuma gudummawar kwatsam daga attajirin ɗan kasuwa ko bourgeois na iya rarrabawa kai tsaye tsakanin waɗanda ke buƙatar gidan. A lokaci guda, ya wulakanta jakar kudi a cikin teburan teburin, kuma an girmama ƙaramin canjin talakawa da dogayen nuna godiya.
6. Zuwarsa ta biyu zuwa St. Shahararrunsa ya kai ga cewa taron mutane suna tsammanin kyauta daga gare shi bayan hidiman Lahadi. Kyaututtukan sun kasance masu sauƙi da arha: gingerbread, yanki na sukari ko cookies, kayan ɗamara, zobba, zaren, ƙananan kayan wasa, da dai sauransu.
7. A cikin sadarwa tare da dangin sarauta, Rasputin ba banda bane. Nicholas II, matarsa da 'ya'yansa mata suna matukar son karɓar kowane irin boka, masu yawo, shafuka, da wawaye tsarkaka. Sabili da haka, abincin dare tare da Rasputin na iya bayyana sosai ta hanyar sha'awar membobin gidan sarauta don sadarwa tare da wani daga talakawa.
A cikin dangin sarauta
8. Bayanai game da jinyar da Rasputin na wani sanannen mazaunin Kazan Olga Lakhtina ya yi ya saba wa juna. Likitocin, 'yan Rasha da baƙi, sun kula da ita a banza saboda cutar ta neurasthenia. Rasputin ya karanta addu'oi da yawa a kanta kuma ya warkar da ita ta jiki. Bayan haka, ya kara da cewa mai rauni rai zai halakar Lakhtina. Matar ta yi imani sosai da kyawawan halaye na Gregory har ta fara bauta masa da ƙwazo kuma ta mutu a gidan mahaukata jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar gunkin. Dangane da ilimin ilimin yau na ilimin halayyar dan adam da tabin hankali, abu ne mai yiyuwa a ɗauka cewa duka cutar da magani na Lakhtina sun faru ne sanadiyyar yanayin yanayin tunani.
9. Rasputin ya yi tsinkaya da yawa, mafi yawansu a cikin wani yanayi mara ma'ana (“Duma dinku ba za ta dade ba!” - kuma an zabe ta tsawon shekaru 4, da sauransu). Amma mai wallafa kuma, kamar yadda ya kira kansa, babban mutum A.V. Filippov ya sami takamaiman kuɗi ta hanyar buga ƙasidu shida na Hasashen Rasputin. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da, waɗanda suke karanta ƙasidu, suka ɗauki tsinkayen a matsayin cin amana, nan take suka faɗi a ƙarƙashin maganganun Dattijon lokacin da suka ji su daga leɓun sa.
10. Babban makiyin Rasputin tun 1911 shine mai kare shi kuma aboki, Hieromonk Iliodor (Sergei Trufanov). Iliodor ya fara yada wasiku daga membobin gidan masarautar zuwa Rasputin, wanda a kalla za'a iya tantance abin da yake ciki a matsayin maras tabbas. Sannan ya fitar da littafin "Grisha", wanda a ciki ya zarge sarauniyar da zama tare da Rasputin. Iliodor ya ji daɗin irin wannan tallafi na hukuma ba tare da izini ba a cikin rukunin manyan ofisoshin ma'aikata da masu martaba cewa Nicholas II an sanya shi a matsayin mai ba da hujjar kansa. Tare da halayensa, wannan kawai ya kara dagula lamura - don amsa tuhuma, ya taɓe baki game da rayuwarsa ...
Rasputin, Iliodor da Hermogenes. Har yanzu abokai ...
11. Wanda ya fara magana game da mummunan lalata na Rasputin shine shugaban cocin gidan Rasputin a ƙauyen Pokrovskoye, Pyotr Ostroumov. Lokacin da Grigory, a ɗaya daga cikin ziyarar tasa zuwa mahaifarsa, ya ba da gudummawar dubban rubles don bukatun cocin, Ostroumov, gwargwadon fahimtarsa, ya yanke shawarar cewa baƙon daga nesa yana so ya ɗauki wurin burodinsa, ya fara ringi game da Khlysty na Rasputin. Ostroumov ya samu, kamar yadda suke faɗa, ya wuce rijistar kuɗi - an bambanta Khlysty ta ƙauracewar yin jima'i da yawa, kuma irin waɗannan sha'awar ba za su iya yin lalata da Petersburg na lokacin ba. Shari'ar Rasputin ta Khlysty an bude ta sau biyu, kuma sau biyu a ɓace cikin ɓacin rai ba tare da samun hujja ba.
12. Layin Don Aminado "Kuma har ma da talakawa cupid / Kallo mai banƙyama daga rufi / Ga taken wawa, / A gemun mutumin" bai bayyana daga karce ba. A cikin 1910, Rasputin ya zama mai yawan yawan yin gyaran gashi na mata - hakika, mutum na iya shiga gidajen masarauta.
13. Shahararren marubucin nan Teffi ya bayyana kokarin da tayi na yaudarar Rasputin (ba shakka, sai da bukatar Vasily Rozanov) cikin sharuddan da suka fi dacewa ga 'yar makaranta fiye da sanannen mai karya zuciya wanda shine Teffi. Rozanov sau biyu yana zaune kyakkyawa Teffi a hannun hagu na Rasputin, amma babban nasarar marubucin shine rubutun dattijo. Da kyau, tabbas, ta rubuta littafi game da wannan kasada, wannan baiwar ba ta rasa ta ba.
Zai yiwu Rozanov ya kamata ya sanya Teffi a gaban Rasputin?
14. Tasirin warkar da Rasputin akan Tsarevich Alexei, wanda ya kamu da cutar hemophilia, ya tabbatar har da maƙiyan maƙiyan Grigory. Doctors na gidan sarauta Sergei Botkin da Sergei Fedorov aƙalla sau biyu sun gano rashin ƙarfi na kansu tare da zubar da jini a cikin yaron. Duk lokutan biyu Rasputin yana da isasshen addu'oi don ceton Alexei mai jini. Kai tsaye Farfesa Fedorov ya rubuta wa abokin aikinsa dan kasar Farisa cewa a matsayinsa na likita ba zai iya bayanin wannan lamari ba. Yanayin yaron yana ci gaba da inganta, amma bayan kisan Rasputin, Alexei ya sake zama mai rauni da raɗaɗi sosai.
Tsarevich Alexey
15. Rasputin ya kasance mai mummunan ra’ayi game da dimokiradiyya na wakilci a cikin jihar Duma. Ya kira wakilan fadawa da masu magana. A ra'ayinsa, wanda yake ciyarwa, kuma ba ƙwararrun masanan da suka san dokoki ba, ya kamata ya yanke hukunci.
16. Tuni cikin gudun hijira, wata kawarta ta karshe Empress Lily Den a wani taron zamantakewa tayi kokarin bayyana lamarin Rasputin ta hanyar amfani da misali mai fahimta ga Bature. Bayan ta kiyasta girman dangi na kasashen biyu, sai ta yi tambaya ta lafazi, kamar yadda ya zame mata, tambaya: yaya mazaunan Foggy Albion za su yi da mutumin da ya tashi daga Landan zuwa Edinburgh (530 kilomita) a kafa (Oh, dabaru na mata!) Nan da nan aka sanar da ita cewa a kan hanya za a kashe irin wannan mahajjacin saboda rashin hankali, ga wani mutum a zuciyarsa ko dai zai tsallake tsibirin ta jirgin kasa ko kuma ya zauna a gida. Kuma Rasputin ya yi tafiyar sama da kilomita 4,000 daga ƙauyensa na asali zuwa Kiev don zuwa Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
17. Halin jaridu kyakkyawan halayya ne na halin al'ummar Rasha masu ilimi bayan mutuwar Rasputin. Journalistswararrun journalistsan jarida, waɗanda suka rasa ragowar abubuwan da ba na hankali kawai ba, har ma da mutuncin ɗan adam, aka buga daga fitowa zuwa batun a ƙarƙashin taken “Rasputiniad” mafi munanan labaran ƙarya. Amma har ma mashahurin masanin tabin hankali na duniya Vladimir Bekhterev, wanda bai taɓa yin magana da Grigory Rasputin ba, ya ba da tambayoyi game da shi a ɓangarori da yawa, suna tattauna “lalatawar jima’i” na mutumin da aka yi wa kisan gilla.
Misalin Bayyanar da Jarida
18. Rasputin ba ma'anar ɗanɗano ba ne, amma ya sha gwargwadon isa. A cikin 1915, ana zarginsa da yin wani fadan fada a gidan cin abinci na Moscow Yar. Babu wasu takardu game da wannan da aka adana a cikin rumbun tarihin, kodayake ma'aikatar tsaro ta Moscow ta sa ido kan Rasputin. Harafi kawai yake bayanin wannan takaddama, wanda aka aika a lokacin bazara na 1915 (bayan watanni 3.5). Marubucin wasikar shi ne shugaban sashen, Kanar Martynov, kuma an aike da shi ne ga mataimakin ministan cikin gida Dzhunkovsky. Wannan sanannen sananne ne don taimakawa don jigilar cikakken tarihin Iliodor (Trufanov) zuwa ƙasashen waje da kuma shirya rikice-rikice akai-akai akan Rasputin.
19. An kashe Grigory Rasputin a daren 16 zuwa 17 ga Oktoba, 1916. Kisan ya faru ne a gidan sarakunan Yusupov - Yarima Felix Yusupov ne ruhin makircin. Baya ga Yarima Felix, mataimakin Duma Vladimir Purishkevich, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, Count Sumarokov-Elston, likita Stanislav Lazovert da Laftana Sergei Sukhotin sun halarci kisan. Yusupov ya kawo Rasputin zuwa fadarsa bayan tsakar dare ya yi masa biredin da kekoki da giya mai guba. Guba ba ta yi aiki ba. Lokacin da Rasputin zai tafi, sai yarima ya harbe shi a baya. Raunin bai mutu ba, kuma Rasputin, duk da bugun da yawa da aka yi masa a kai, ya yi nasarar tsallakewa daga benen da ke ƙasa zuwa kan titi. Sannan Purishkevich ya riga ya harbe shi - harbi uku ya wuce, na huɗu a cikin kai. Bayan sun harbi gawa, sai makasan suka dauke shi daga fada suka jefa shi cikin ramin kankara. Dmitry Pavlovich ne kawai ya jawo ainihin hukuncin (haramcin barin Petrograd sannan aikawa zuwa ga sojoji) da kuma Purishkevich (an kama Bel an sake shi tuni yana ƙarƙashin mulkin Soviet). 
20. A cikin shekarar 1917, sojojin da suka yi juyin juya hali suka bukaci Gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta ba su damar ganowa da tono kabarin Rasputin. Akwai jita-jita game da kayan adon da matar sarki da ɗiyarta suka saka a cikin akwatin gawa. Daga cikin dukiyar da ke cikin akwatin gawa, kawai an sami gumaka mai zane da zane-zane na membobin gidan sarki, amma an buɗe akwatin Pandora - aikin hajji ya fara zuwa kabarin Rasputin. An yanke shawarar cire akwatin gawa tare da gawar a asirce daga Petrograd kuma a binne shi a keɓantaccen wuri. Ranar 11 ga Maris, 1917, wata mota dauke da akwatin gawa ta fitar daga cikin gari. A kan hanyar zuwa Piskaryovka, motar ta lalace, kuma tawagar jana’izar sun yanke shawarar kona gawar Rasputin a kan hanya.
